Proveneya & Nahiara · Updated Tuesday, August 11, 2026

Wildfires 2026 — daily update. Pollinators are victims too — and they deserve to be counted. They are the great unknown of these fires, absent from the reporting.

View the daily update

Europe

  • Spain — 207,000 ha burned in 2026, six times the same period of 2025. August is the highest-risk month; 2025 remains this century's worst year, with nearly 400,000 ha burned.
  • New active fronts in León, Ávila and Cáceres.
  • Greece — A new wave of fires and evacuations near Athens is driven by strong winds; the greater Athens area is on maximum alert, with temperatures forecast above 42°C. The Boeotia fire burned 10,000 ha and forced over 1,000 evacuations; three firefighters have died nationwide. Another front in Rethymno, Crete remains critical.
  • France — 116,000 ha burned, an absolute historic record and nearly double its previous worst year (2022). The Gironde megafire burned for over a week; a local wildlife sanctuary reports hundreds of thousands of animals killed while fleeing.
  • Portugal — Viseu fire: about 13,000 ha, with aid requested from the EU Civil Protection Mechanism. At peak, 39 active fires were counted nationwide; risk was maximum or very high across much of the country.
  • Italy — Estimates range from 40,000 to more than 100,000 ha nationwide; Sicily and Calabria are the worst-hit areas. No single consolidated official figure is available.
  • European Union — 254,000–275,000 ha burned since January, more than double the 2006–2025 historical average. Over 300,000 people were evacuated or confined in France and Spain during July; the figure is still rising with Greece's August crisis.

Africa

  • Algeria — At the July 18 peak, 154 fires were declared in 24 hours; 6 people died and about 150 homes were affected in Annaba. Residents fought the fire with their bare hands due to lack of resources.

Asia

  • Turkey — About 95,000 ha burned, seven times the 2008–2020 historical average for this time of year.
  • Russia (Siberia) — About 600,000 ha burned cumulatively in 2026; 84,356 ha were active at peak in Krasnoyarsk, Yamalo-Nenets and Irkutsk. Authorities link the increase to anomalous temperatures.

North America

  • Canada — 3,848 fires and 2.92 million ha burned since January. Ontario is the hardest-hit province: Thunder Bay 36 has burned 314,000 ha and remains uncontained.
  • United States — Fire alert raised to maximum level.

South America

  • Ecuador — On August 11, seven fires were active and four controlled, according to the National Risk Management Secretariat. The Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve fire has burned at least 300 ha of páramo, threatening protected flora and fauna. More than 4,000 ha burned nationwide in early August; the Cuambo fire burned 1,443 ha before it was extinguished on August 5.
  • Brazil — 1.76 million ha burned in 2026 (satellite/GWIS), with 4,682 fire events. The Ministry of Environment warns of greater risk from August to October as the dry season begins.

Oceania

  • Australia — The southern-summer fire season (December–May) has passed. January's peak burned more than 400,000 ha in Victoria alone, with a state of disaster declared in 18 local governments. It is now southern winter, with no significant activity.

Global context

Sources: MITECO, EFFIS/Copernicus, French Interior Ministry, Portuguese Civil Protection, Italian Civil Protection, Algerian Civil Protection, Turkish Meteorological Service, Russian Federal Forest Agency, Government of Canada (CIFFC), GWIS/Brazil Ministry of Environment, Ecuador SNGR/ECU 911, AFAC/NEMA Australia, Reuters, France 24, CNN, Greenpeace Spain, NOAA, Copernicus Marine Service.

International Association for the Defence of Flowers

Nahiara Measure

National Flower Disappearance Risk Assessment System

Canonical Document v1.0 · March 2026

"A forgotten flower is a flower at risk. Public education is a direct conservation factor, not a complement."

Canonical Document — Internal Use Only

This document establishes the official definition, architecture and application criteria of the Nahiara Measure within the scientific ecosystem of the Nahiara Universe. No indicator, scale or data may be modified without the express authorisation of Uno (Matías Octavio González).

1

Definition and Nature of the System

Scientific and Educational Tool

The Nahiara Measure is the scientific and educational tool of the Nahiara Universe for assessing the disappearance risk of any national flower.

It operates at the scale of an individual species — not an ecosystem — and combines two sources of knowledge that do not normally speak to each other.

Foundational Methodological Principle

🔬

Verified Scientific Knowledge

Academic studies, biodiversity data, official botanical records, IUCN assessments.

🎨

Complete Cultural Knowledge

Local traditions, medicinal uses, symbolism, collective memory, literature and art.

Art as a Scientific Source

Art is a scientifically valid documentary source. A painting records what a species looked like at a specific moment and place — information that traditional academic science systematically ignores.

Institutional Alignment

The Nahiara Measure is aligned with the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, the international reference for biodiversity conservation policy through 2030.

2

The Five Indicators

Each indicator is assessed independently on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 = excellent condition / low risk and 1 = critical condition / extreme risk.

1

Ecological Health

Absence of severe biological and environmental threats to the flower species.

5 — Optimal

No detectable threats — healthy ecosystem

1 — Critical

Active critical threats — species in immediate danger

2

Habitat Conservation

Preservation of the territory where the flower can grow and reproduce naturally.

5 — Optimal

Intact and protected habitat

1 — Critical

Destroyed or irreversibly fragmented habitat

3

Climatic Stability

Favourable and stable climate conditions for the life cycles of the species.

5 — Optimal

Stable and favourable climate

1 — Critical

Extremely adverse or collapsing climate

4

Protection from Human Pressure

Level of effective protection against harmful human activities (logging, urbanisation, extraction, direct contamination).

5 — Optimal

Well protected — active legal frameworks

1 — Critical

No legal or effective protection of any kind

5

Population Knowledge✦ Revolutionary

Level of public knowledge and recognition regarding the national flower and its ecological and cultural value.

5 — Optimal

High knowledge — the population identifies, values and protects it

1 — Critical

Total ignorance — the flower is invisible to its own society

3

Scoring System — Nahiara Conservation Index (NCI)

NCI Formula

NCI = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 + I5

Minimum: 5
Maximum: 25

Higher NCI →

Better conservation status and lower disappearance risk.

Lower NCI →

Greater urgency to intervene.

The Five Risk Levels

VERY LOW

22 – 25 pts

▼ Flower in optimal condition

All five factors are under control. Preventive monitoring and maintenance action recommended.

LOW

17 – 21 pts

▼ Flower in stable condition

Satisfactory conservation status with identified areas for improvement. Planned intervention recommended to sustain the current level.

MODERATE

11 – 16 pts

▼ Flower in alert situation

Detectable stress in one or more indicators. The species may deteriorate if action is not taken. Active intervention required.

HIGH

6 – 10 pts

▼ Flower at significant risk

Consolidated threat with measurable damage to the species. One or more indicators in critical condition. Urgent and coordinated action essential.

EXTREME

5 pts

▼ Flower in critical danger

All indicators in a state of collapse. The national flower faces real risk of disappearance. Conservation emergency — immediate intervention required.

4

The Fifth Indicator — Educational Key of the System

The Population Knowledge indicator is the most original and revolutionary element of the Nahiara Measure. Its inclusion transforms the system from a conventional ecological index into a tool for social change.

Without this indicator
With this indicator
Conservation depends solely on external factors
Public education becomes a measurable conservation factor
A flower can be legally protected and remain unknown
A forgotten flower receives a low score — action is required
The NAHIARA project would be mere entertainment
The NAHIARA project is a real conservation tool
Children and families are passive recipients
Children and families are active conservation agents
5

Application Example

🌹

Flower · Spain

Carnation — Dianthus caryophyllus

SAN·F · 310197PFNO canonical case
No.IndicatorAssessmentScoreSignal
1Ecological HealthThe Carnation is botanically robust with no active biological threats.
4
🟢
2Habitat ConservationHabitat partially degraded by agricultural expansion in Southern Spain.
4
🟢
3Climatic StabilityGrowing climate variability in the Mediterranean region.
3
🟡
4Protection from Human PressureNo official legal protection as there is no governmental decree — it is a PFNO flower.
2
🟠
5Population KnowledgeMaximum recognition — universally associated with Spain in popular culture worldwide.
4
🟢

NCI Result

NCI = 4 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 4 = 17

LOW Level — Flower in stable condition.

Analysis

The low score for indicator 4 (no legal protection as a PFNO flower) is the main risk factor. Cultural recognition (indicator 5) partially compensates, but legal protection is a structural pending matter.

6

Integration within the Scientific Ecosystem

The Nahiara Measure is the first link in the complete national flower diagnostic chain — always applied alongside the rest of the system protocols.

1

SAN Code

Unique identification

SAN·F (flower) · SAN·A (pollinator) · SAN·P (country)

2

Nahiara Measure (NCI)

✦ Current page

Flower species

Disappearance risk of the flower — range 5–25

3

Araihan Measure (ACI)

Associated pollinator

Disappearance risk of the pollinator — range 5–25

4

Scorfidon Protocol (TI)

Ecosystem / territory

Active physical threats to the habitat — range 9–27

5

PFNO

Species without official decree

Cultural flowers without state recognition

Canonical Document v1.0 · March 2026

Editorial authority: Matías Octavio González (Uno) · Secretary and Creative Director

International Association for the Defence of Flowers · CIF: G72737570

www.asociacionnahiara.org
AquaMundi.org